Search results for " Force"
showing 10 items of 2250 documents
Automated detection of protein unfolding events in atomic force microscopy force curves
2016
Atomic force microscopy is not only a high-resolution imaging device but also a mechanical machine, which can be used either to indent or stretch (soft) biomaterials. Due to the statistical nature of such materials (i.e., hydrogels or polymers) hundreds of force-distance curves are required to describe their mechanical properties. In this manuscript, we present an automated system for polymer unfolding detection based on continuous wavelet analysis. We have tested the automated program on elastin, which is an important protein that provides elasticity to tissues and organs. Our results show that elastin changes its mechanical behavior in the presence of electrolytes. In particular, we show …
Pros and cons of family policies for mothers' labour market participation
2012
PurposeThe purpose of this editorial is to examine sociological research on the possibilities and pitfalls of social policies for mothers' employment participation, and identify research gaps in the existing literature. The paper aims to focus mainly on the implications of parental leave schemes on mothers' employment participation.Design/methodology/approachThe editorial discusses the inconsistencies in the current sociological debate on the impact of social policies on mothers' employment.FindingsThe relationship between parental leave policies and women's participation in the work force is complex. The literature shows a disagreement about whether such policies mitigate family‐related ca…
Element-Selective Magnetic Imaging in Exchange-Coupled Systems by Magnetic Photoemission Microscopy
1998
We have used a photoemission microscope to obtain element-resolved magnetic contrast in stacked magnetic thin film systems. Magnetic information is thereby provided by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Elemental sensitivity, which is crucial for studying magnetic coupling phenomena in systems with several different layers, is achieved by tuning the energy of the illuminating photons to atomic absorption edges. We present measurements of a Ni-coated Co micropattern on Cu(001), and a wedged Co/Cr/Fe(001) sample. In the former sample the Ni magnetization is seen to follow the magnetization of the Co pattern, thereby changing from an out-of-plane easy axis in areas without underlying Co to in…
Columnar supramolecular architecture of crystals of 2-(4-Iodophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline derived from values of intermolecular interaction energy
2011
Using results of X-ray diffraction study supramolecular architecture of crystals of 2-(4-iodophenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline has been analyzed on the basis of quantum-chemical calculations of intermolecular interactions energy. It is demonstrated that these crystals have three levels of organization. Molecules form stacked dimers with the highest binding energy (first level). These dimers represent basic unit of infinite columns stabilized by stacking interactions between dimers (second level). The energy of intermolecular interactions between neighbouring stacked columns is very close. This does not allow to figure out any layers in the crystal. Therefore crystals of this compound have columna…
Unexpected magnetic topology in the heterobimetallic [ReIVBr4(μ-ox)CuII(bpy)2] compound
2011
Abstract A novel oxalato-bridged rhenium(IV)-copper(II) compound, namely [ReIVBr4(μ-ox)CuII(bpy)2] (1), has been obtained by reacting (PPh4)2[ReBr4(ox)] with Cu(CF3SO3)2 and 2,2′-bpy in CH3CN, and its crystal structure determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Intermolecular Br⋯Br interactions and nonbonding Cu⋯Br type contacts between the heterobimetallic dinuclear units lead to a two-dimensional supramolecular structure. Compound 1 behaves magnetically as a [ReIVCuII]2 tetranuclear species with weak antiferromagnetic interactions through the oxalato bridge and intermolecular Br⋯Br contacts.
Localized Motion in Supercooled Glycerol as Measured by 2 H-NMR Spin-Lattice Relaxation and Incoherent Neutron Scattering
1991
Selectively deuterated glycerol has been subjected to 2H-NMR spin-lattice relaxation and quasi-elastic neutron scattering experiments. The measurements yield relaxation rates and a non-Gaussian Q-dependence of the Debye-Waller factor which are different for the two hydrogen sites. The data analysis shows that below the onset of the glass transition α-process the hydrogens perform a local motion (≈ 10-12 s) in addition to what is expected from harmonic phonons. The resulting mean-square displacements are highly temperature dependent but are significantly smaller than those found in van der Waals glasses. Amplitudes and activation energies of the carbon-bonded and oxygen-bonded hydrogens are …
Neuromuscular and cardiovascular adaptations during concurrent strength and endurance training in untrained men.
2012
This study examined the effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on neuromuscular and endurance characteristics compared to strength or endurance training alone. Previously untrained men were divided into strength (S: n=16), endurance (E: n=11) or concurrent strength and endurance (SE: n=11) training groups. S and E trained 2 times and SE 2 + 2 times a week for strength and endurance during the 21-week period. Maximal unilateral isometric and bilateral concentric forces of leg muscles increased similarly in S and SE by 20-28% (p<0.01) and improvements in isometric forces were accompanied by increases (p<0.05) of maximal muscle activation. Rate of force development of isometric …
Enhancement of the Intermolecular Magnetic Exchange through Halogen···Halogen interactions in Bisadeninium Rhenium(IV) Salts
2017
Two novel ReIV salts of general formula [H2ade]2[ReIVX6]X2·4H2O [H2ade2+ = 9H-adenine-1,7-diium; X = Cl(1) and Br(2)] have been synthesized and magneto-structurally characterized. 1 and 2 are isostructural salts that crystallize in the orthorhombic system with space group Fdd2. Both compounds are made up of discrete mononuclear [ReIVX6]2- and X- anions and doubly protonated adenine cations. The six-coordinate rhenium(IV) ion is bonded to six halide ligands [X = Cl (1) and Br (2)] in an octahedral geometry. Short intermolecular ReIV−X···X−ReIV interactions, as well as ReIV−X···H−N(H2ade) and ReIV−X···H−Ow hydrogen bonds, are present in the crystal lattice of 1 and 2. Magnetic suscep-tibility…
C-H Bond Arylation of Pyrazoles at the β-Position: General Conditions and Computational Elucidation for a High Regioselectivity
2021
International audience; Direct arylation of most five-membered ring heterocycles are generally easily accessible and strongly favored at the α-position using classical palladium-catalysis. Conversely, regioselective functionalization of such heterocycles at the concurrent β-position remains currently very challenging. Herein, we report general conditions for regioselective direct arylation at the β-position of pyrazoles, while C-H α-position is free. By using aryl bromides as the aryl source and a judicious choice of solvent, the arylation reaction of variously N-substituted pyrazoles simply proceeds via β-C-H bond functionalization. The β-regioselectivity is promoted by a ligand-free palla…
Recognition of N-Alkyl- and N-Aryl-Acetamides by N-Alkyl Ammonium Resorcinarene Chlorides
2014
N-alkyl ammonium resorcinarene chlorides are stabilized by an intricate array of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds that leads to cavitand-like structures. Depending on the upper-rim substituents, self-inclusion was observed in solution and in the solid state. The self-inclusion can be disrupted at higher temperatures, whereas in the presence of small guests the self-included dimers spontaneously reorganize to 1:1 host-guest complexes. These host compounds show an interesting ability to bind a series of N-alkyl acetamide guests through intermolecular hydrogen bonds involving the carbonyl oxygen (C=O) atoms and the amide (NH) groups of the guests, the chloride anions (Cl(-)) and ammoni…